The following post by Bob Greenyer was posted on the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project Facebook page and is reposted here with permission.
The New Fire MK1 – A controllable reaction driven and moderated by heat, pressure, element ratios, phase states and morphology…
by Bob Greenyer
Piantelli says that Nickel must be above a pre-determined lower temperature, evidence suggest this to be Debye if Ni.
Piantelli says that you need to create H- and then use an impulsive action to force it into the Nickel. (http://goo.gl/ORrJqI) This forms the primary reaction, the “mouse” and from our Celani experiments, a COP of around 1.1. It comes from the transmutation of Ni isotopes.
By forming LiH at 250ºC from LiAlH4 in the Rossi system you create a LOT of H- (which is the first novelty) because LiH is a ionic solution (Li+ H-), all you have to do is kick it into the Nickel by raising the temperature more – which sounds a little weird, but remember you are trying to stimulate a Nuclear process from a low energy thermal one.
From wikipedia, you get the key to the Rossi process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_aluminium_hydride
2 LiH + 2 Al → 2 LiAl + H2 (R3)
R3 is reversible with an equilibrium pressure of about 0.25 bar at 500 °C
Note that in the Industrial Heat patent application, it says you need a pressure of 0.25 bar (goo.gl/tFX6Qa) – but the actual reversible reaction is dependent on pressure and temperature as says wiki – so for Parkhomov 2cc of dead volume, 0.5 bar and a different pressure/temp regime may work.
According to Piantelli, some of the protons from H- fail to transmute Nickel and get ejected as protons from 0 up to 6.7 MeV (measured in cloud chamber and calculated). As Unified Gravity Corporation (UGC) has shown (http://goo.gl/8GKvWb) with earlier Lipinski work on same effect cited in latest Piantelli patent dating back to August 18th 2006 (http://goo.gl/jJ71mL) you only have to accelerate a proton to less than 225eV into Lithium target to yield around 15MeV and 2 He from 1H + 7Li. This is the secondary reaction – the “Cat”. In this system, only Nickel that ejects a proton (and therefore participates in the overall reaction but is unchanged) is truly catalytic – it is this authors conjecture that under the right circumstances 62Ni will be mostly catalytic – or catalytic in the sense of Carbon in the 12C carbon cycle that is to say, if it does accept a number of 1H, it ends up returning to 62Ni.
Both UGC and Piantelli in their specific embodiments, use a low pressure environment to allow the protons to travel the distance to the Lithium before the break down. The second apparent novelty in Rossi’s reactor is to have the Lithium in direct contact with the Ni as MFMP discovered following “Bang!”. However Piantelli words his patent to cover this:
“It is relevant that the secondary material faces the primary material, since, if a further material is present between the primary material and the secondary material, the protons would not go beyond this further material and would not reach the secondary material.”
This statement covers lithium in direct contact with Nickel and the patent has a priority date of Apr 26, 2011.
Therefore, UGC have shown that low energy Protons can create Fusion/Fission of 1H and 7Li. Piantelli has provided the Proton accelerator.
The third apparent novelty (inferred by this author) in Rossi’s reactor is the “inherent safety” which works over a massive range of temperatures. It is this authors suggestion that this is due to the breakdown of LiH. In part this process initiates the primary reaction by impulsively forcing H- into the Ni at the molten LiH : Ni boundary as noted above. However, at high temperatures, either caused by heat from the primary/secondary reactions or from deliberately over heating the reactor the H- is all driven out into H2 outside the Nickel with Li in between, A small amount will be in Nickel. This will subsequently allow the reactor to rapidly be cooled down and ready for re-start.
The amount of Lithium used will lower Li Al melting and LiH formation / destruction dynamics. Piantelli has also said that the secondary material must be an alloy, one embodiment suggested is Li and Al . He says that it must not be crystalline but in an amorphous state, a liquid solution of these two metals meets this need without the requirement to cool at 1000ºC per second.
So reasons for for active heating in relation to Rossi reactor is:
– Maintain Ni above the minimum temperature to enable primary reaction, assumed to be Debye of Nickel
– Maintain the secondary materials in an amorphous, (not solid/crystalline) structure – in this case, liquid
– Allow for thermally driven creation and destruction of H-
– Provide impulsive action to drive available H- into Ni clusters
– Provide active, heat driven shut down of reaction by forcibly removing H- from the Li and keeping it away from Ni
Low pressure is required to allow somewhere for the H- to be released from the LiH to make H2 reservoir that can later be used to make LiH at will.Adding extra Li will change the melting point of the mixture as well as provide more secondary fuel (See http://goo.gl/JM1UPx).
Important to the process is that Lithium has a Specific Heat Capacity of 3.56 at 25oC in J/goC and H2 has 14.267 – together, they allow for effective engineered ways of getting heat out of the systems main heat source, which is on the boundary layer between Ni and Li.
NOTE: the above may be materially wrong and is posted for education and debate purposes.
The New Fire MK1 (Bob Greenyer)
The following post by Bob Greenyer was posted on the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project Facebook page and is reposted here with permission.
by Bob Greenyer
Piantelli says that Nickel must be above a pre-determined lower temperature, evidence suggest this to be Debye if Ni.
Piantelli says that you need to create H- and then use an impulsive action to force it into the Nickel. (http://goo.gl/ORrJqI) This forms the primary reaction, the “mouse” and from our Celani experiments, a COP of around 1.1. It comes from the transmutation of Ni isotopes.
By forming LiH at 250ºC from LiAlH4 in the Rossi system you create a LOT of H- (which is the first novelty) because LiH is a ionic solution (Li+ H-), all you have to do is kick it into the Nickel by raising the temperature more – which sounds a little weird, but remember you are trying to stimulate a Nuclear process from a low energy thermal one.
From wikipedia, you get the key to the Rossi process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_aluminium_hydride
2 LiH + 2 Al → 2 LiAl + H2 (R3)
R3 is reversible with an equilibrium pressure of about 0.25 bar at 500 °C
Note that in the Industrial Heat patent application, it says you need a pressure of 0.25 bar (goo.gl/tFX6Qa) – but the actual reversible reaction is dependent on pressure and temperature as says wiki – so for Parkhomov 2cc of dead volume, 0.5 bar and a different pressure/temp regime may work.
According to Piantelli, some of the protons from H- fail to transmute Nickel and get ejected as protons from 0 up to 6.7 MeV (measured in cloud chamber and calculated). As Unified Gravity Corporation (UGC) has shown (http://goo.gl/8GKvWb) with earlier Lipinski work on same effect cited in latest Piantelli patent dating back to August 18th 2006 (http://goo.gl/jJ71mL) you only have to accelerate a proton to less than 225eV into Lithium target to yield around 15MeV and 2 He from 1H + 7Li. This is the secondary reaction – the “Cat”. In this system, only Nickel that ejects a proton (and therefore participates in the overall reaction but is unchanged) is truly catalytic – it is this authors conjecture that under the right circumstances 62Ni will be mostly catalytic – or catalytic in the sense of Carbon in the 12C carbon cycle that is to say, if it does accept a number of 1H, it ends up returning to 62Ni.
Both UGC and Piantelli in their specific embodiments, use a low pressure environment to allow the protons to travel the distance to the Lithium before the break down. The second apparent novelty in Rossi’s reactor is to have the Lithium in direct contact with the Ni as MFMP discovered following “Bang!”. However Piantelli words his patent to cover this:
“It is relevant that the secondary material faces the primary material, since, if a further material is present between the primary material and the secondary material, the protons would not go beyond this further material and would not reach the secondary material.”
This statement covers lithium in direct contact with Nickel and the patent has a priority date of Apr 26, 2011.
Therefore, UGC have shown that low energy Protons can create Fusion/Fission of 1H and 7Li. Piantelli has provided the Proton accelerator.
The third apparent novelty (inferred by this author) in Rossi’s reactor is the “inherent safety” which works over a massive range of temperatures. It is this authors suggestion that this is due to the breakdown of LiH. In part this process initiates the primary reaction by impulsively forcing H- into the Ni at the molten LiH : Ni boundary as noted above. However, at high temperatures, either caused by heat from the primary/secondary reactions or from deliberately over heating the reactor the H- is all driven out into H2 outside the Nickel with Li in between, A small amount will be in Nickel. This will subsequently allow the reactor to rapidly be cooled down and ready for re-start.
The amount of Lithium used will lower Li Al melting and LiH formation / destruction dynamics. Piantelli has also said that the secondary material must be an alloy, one embodiment suggested is Li and Al . He says that it must not be crystalline but in an amorphous state, a liquid solution of these two metals meets this need without the requirement to cool at 1000ºC per second.
So reasons for for active heating in relation to Rossi reactor is:
– Maintain Ni above the minimum temperature to enable primary reaction, assumed to be Debye of Nickel
– Maintain the secondary materials in an amorphous, (not solid/crystalline) structure – in this case, liquid
– Allow for thermally driven creation and destruction of H-
– Provide impulsive action to drive available H- into Ni clusters
– Provide active, heat driven shut down of reaction by forcibly removing H- from the Li and keeping it away from Ni
Low pressure is required to allow somewhere for the H- to be released from the LiH to make H2 reservoir that can later be used to make LiH at will.Adding extra Li will change the melting point of the mixture as well as provide more secondary fuel (See http://goo.gl/JM1UPx).
Important to the process is that Lithium has a Specific Heat Capacity of 3.56 at 25oC in J/goC and H2 has 14.267 – together, they allow for effective engineered ways of getting heat out of the systems main heat source, which is on the boundary layer between Ni and Li.
NOTE: the above may be materially wrong and is posted for education and debate purposes.